Volume 5, Issue 1 (10-2025)
2025, 5(1): 15-24 |
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Ghasemi Gorji M, karbakhsh Ravari F, Rafiei A. Beyond the Lungs: A Literature Review of COVID-19's Impact on Carotid Artery Disease and Treatment Challenges in Pandemic Era. Iranian Journal of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy 2025; 5 (1) :15-24
URL: http://ijvset.gums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.html
URL: http://ijvset.gums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.html
1- Jomhouri St.
Jomhouri St. ,fardinkarbakhshr@gmail.com
Jomhouri St. ,
Abstract: (48 Views)
To explore the impact of COVID-19 on carotid artery disease, with a focus on the virus-induced vascular complications, changes in management strategies during the pandemic, and the role of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and novel therapeutic approaches in mitigating thrombotic risks.
A comprehensive review of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking COVID-19 to carotid artery disease was conducted, with an emphasis on endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and inflammation. Current evidence on antithrombotic therapies, surgical interventions, and alternative treatments during the pandemic was evaluated. Additionally, data on the impact of vaccination and associated thrombotic events were analyzed to provide a holistic understanding of the challenges in managing carotid artery disease in the context of COVID-19.
COVID-19 exacerbates vascular dysfunction by triggering systemic inflammation, endothelial damage, and a hypercoagulable state, leading to heightened risks of carotid atherothrombosis and ischemic strokes. The pandemic disrupted elective surgical interventions like carotid endarterectomy (CEA), leading to delays in treatment and poorer outcomes. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies remain crucial but require careful balancing due to the increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Emerging therapies, such as P-selectin inhibitors and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) modulators, show promise. Vaccination significantly reduced COVID-19-related complications but revealed rare cases of thrombotic events, including vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), necessitating vigilance in post-vaccination care.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the management of carotid artery disease, necessitating adaptive care strategies and innovative therapeutic approaches. Delayed surgical interventions, complexities in antithrombotic therapies, and rare vaccine-associated thrombotic events highlight the need for personalized and multidisciplinary management. Further research is required to refine therapeutic protocols and optimize outcomes for patients with carotid artery disease in the context of COVID-19.
A comprehensive review of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking COVID-19 to carotid artery disease was conducted, with an emphasis on endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and inflammation. Current evidence on antithrombotic therapies, surgical interventions, and alternative treatments during the pandemic was evaluated. Additionally, data on the impact of vaccination and associated thrombotic events were analyzed to provide a holistic understanding of the challenges in managing carotid artery disease in the context of COVID-19.
COVID-19 exacerbates vascular dysfunction by triggering systemic inflammation, endothelial damage, and a hypercoagulable state, leading to heightened risks of carotid atherothrombosis and ischemic strokes. The pandemic disrupted elective surgical interventions like carotid endarterectomy (CEA), leading to delays in treatment and poorer outcomes. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies remain crucial but require careful balancing due to the increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Emerging therapies, such as P-selectin inhibitors and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) modulators, show promise. Vaccination significantly reduced COVID-19-related complications but revealed rare cases of thrombotic events, including vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), necessitating vigilance in post-vaccination care.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the management of carotid artery disease, necessitating adaptive care strategies and innovative therapeutic approaches. Delayed surgical interventions, complexities in antithrombotic therapies, and rare vaccine-associated thrombotic events highlight the need for personalized and multidisciplinary management. Further research is required to refine therapeutic protocols and optimize outcomes for patients with carotid artery disease in the context of COVID-19.
Original articles: Review articles |
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Received: 2025/01/10 | Accepted: 2025/10/12 | Published: 2025/10/12
Received: 2025/01/10 | Accepted: 2025/10/12 | Published: 2025/10/12
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